Take a look at the landing circuit above. What is meant by 1?
Flying an U-circuit or constant aspect approach for landing starts at the position indicated by 1 by losing height. You fly circles until you have reached the right height to start the rest of the landing circuit.
Drag of a paraglider depends on
Drag is not dependent on temperature, nor wind direction.
See the Aerodynamics chapter.
A paraglider is flying at low airspeed. What is the effect of increasing the angle of attack?
At low airspeed, the angle of attack is already high. Increasing it even more (by braking for example) will decrease lift and increase drag even more, bringing the airfoil closer to its stall point.
See the sections on Lift and drag in the Aerodynamics chapter.
What is katabatic wind?
Katabatic wind arises when air cools, for example at night, and flows downslope. Cool air is heavier than warm air.
A static winch...
The photo shows a static winch mounted on a trailer. During towing it stays in one place.
You have pulled your round reserve at an altitude of around 300m above ground. What do you do next?
Your descent rate is about 5m/s, so 300m of height will give you about a minute before you hit the ground. That is enough time to pull in the main canopy and after that you prepare for a rough landing possibly with a PLF.
See the section on throwing your reserve in the Advanced flying chapter.
Which distance must a paraglider keep with respect to other aircraft?
How much is 'enough' depends on the situation! See the chapter on Rules and regulations.
There are VFR en IFR flight rules. Which is valid for paragliders?
Paragliders do not carry instruments to communicate with air traffic control. Therefore we can only fly under Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) and operate under Visual Flight Rules (VFR).
Most paragliders nowadays have short rods in the leading edge. Why are these there?
Rods in the leading edge ensure that the cells are kept in shape and open. Therefore the air can flow in easily during take-off.
A pilot weighing 90kg and a pilot weighing 70kg are flying with exactly the same equipment. They are gliding down together from the same take-off at the same time.
Which statement is true?
The ratio between lift and drag is the same for a heavy or light pilot, all other things being equal. The ratio between forward speed and sink rate is therefore also the same for these two pilots. Their glide ratio is the same and they fly the same distance.
However, both the forward speed and sink rate increase with increasing weight. Therefore the heavier pilot flies faster and goes down faster. Both fly the same distance, but the heavier pilot reaches goal earlier.
See the chapter on Aerodynamics.
Your result is shown above.