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What is happening here?

A persistent knot that was overlooked during take-off. Asymmetrically pulled big ears. A cravat, most likely caused by a large collapse, stall or spin. This is typical image of a spin.

The left tip of the canopy is tangled in the lines. This is called a cravat (from the French for 'tie').

Drag of a paraglider depends on

the air density, shape, surface and speed. the shape and surface of the paraglider, as well as temperature and wind direction. the shape and speed of the paraglider, weight and temperature. shape and weight of a paraglider, as well as temperature and air density.

Drag is not dependent on temperature, nor wind direction.
See the Aerodynamics chapter.

Which of these instruments is suitable to measure groundspeed?

GPS TAS anemometer variometer

A GPS calculates your position on (or above) the earth in time intervals. Therefore it can tell you your groundspeed as well.
A TAS measures True Air Speed. An anemometer measures wind speed. A variometer measures ascent and descent rates.

You want to land on a slope. How?

You approach the slope from the side with the least obstacles and a bit into wind if possible. You approach the slope head-on, no matter where the wind comes from. You fly downhill until you touch down, because you need to land into wind. You wait for the wind to blow downhill so you can approach it head-on.

See the section on Landing in the chapter on Basic techniques.
In the image, option C is the best. Head-on (B in the image) is not a good idea. You either land downwind or you have to make a sharp turn just before touchdown. Flying down the slope you will not touch down. If the wind blows downhill, you are either in rotor or strong turbulence.

What is the aspect ratio of a wing with a span of 10 meters and a flat surface of 20 square meters?

0.5 2.0 5.0 40

Aspect ratio is defined by the span squared divided by the surface area:
10*10 = 100
100 / 20 = 5

Most paragliders nowadays have short rods in the leading edge. Why are these there?

They are needed to give the canopy its strength. They ensure a better resistance to collapses. They are required for the certification of the glider. They facilitate the inflation of the glider during take-off.

Rods in the leading edge ensure that the cells are kept in shape and open. Therefore the air can flow in easily during take-off.

FL095 is...

95 feet 95 metre 9500 feet (at standard pressure) 9500 meter (at standard pressure)

FL095 means Flight Level 9500 feet. Flight level is an aircraft's altitude at standard air pressure indicated in hundreds of feet.

Which line material has the following properties:
sensitive to heat and moisture causing stretching and shrinking, white color.

Dyneema lines Kevlar lines Polyester lines Nylon lines

Dyneema is a trade name for polyethylene fiber.

What is the effect of flying at high altitudes on the descent rate of a paraglider?

The descent rate decreases with altitude. Altitude has no influence on the descent rate. The descent rate increases with altitude. None of the above is true.

At high altitude, the air density is lower. This causes the paraglider to fly faster and descend faster.
See the Aerodynamics chapter.

Which lines have the following properties:
sensitive to bending, heat resistant, yellowish colour?

Dyneema lines Kevlar lines Polyester lines Nylon lines

Kevlar is a trade name for aramid. You can recognize it from its brownish or yellow color.

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