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Most paragliders nowadays have short rods in the leading edge. Why are these there?

They are needed to give the canopy its strength. They ensure a better resistance to collapses. They are required for the certification of the glider. They facilitate the inflation of the glider during take-off.

Rods in the leading edge ensure that the cells are kept in shape and open. Therefore the air can flow in easily during take-off.

After take-off you notice that you need to pull quite a bit of right brake to ensure the paraglider flies straight ahead.
What is going on?

There is a strong wind from the right. There is a strong wind from the left. You have a knot in the C-lines on the right side. You have a knot in the C-lines on the left side.

The left of the wing is clearly braked more than the right. Wind will push you in a direction but will not turn the glider. Therefore a knot in the lines which will cause braking is most likely.

When the course of two paragliders crosses at the same altitude, what do they do?

The one coming from the right must give way. The one coming from the left must give way. Both must give way. The one coming from the right must lose height.

On the right is in the right. The one coming from the left gives way.
See the chapter on Rules and regulations

You can sense an asymmetric collapse is about to occur by:

A significant increase in brake pressure at the side that is about to collapse. A significant decrease in brake pressure at the side that is about to collapse. A significant decrease in brake pressure at the opposite side. A loud rustle of the canopy.

An asymmetric collapse is caused by a loss of air flow around the canopy on one side. You can feel the onset by a loss of brake pressure on that side. When it actually collapses, it will rustle and usually open again by itself.

What is katabatic wind?

Wind that is caused by a high pressure area. Wind that is caused by air flowing down a mountain under the influence of gravity. Valley wind. Wind caused by a temperature gradient.

Katabatic wind arises when air cools, for example at night, and flows downslope. Cool air is heavier than warm air.

What is the relationship between the glide ratio and the glide angle?

A larger glide ratio means a smaller glide angle. A larger glide ratio means a larger glide angle. There is no relationship between the glide angle and the glide ratio. That depends on the wind.

A larger glide ratio means you can fly further for every metre of descent. Therefore it means a flatter flight path. Since the glide angle is the angle between the flight path and the horizon, this angle decreases when the glide ratio increases.

Which line material has the following properties:
sensitive to heat and moisture causing stretching and shrinking, white color.

Dyneema lines Kevlar lines Polyester lines Nylon lines

Dyneema is a trade name for polyethylene fiber.

Drag of a paraglider depends on

the air density, shape, surface and speed. the shape and surface of the paraglider, as well as temperature and wind direction. the shape and speed of the paraglider, weight and temperature. shape and weight of a paraglider, as well as temperature and air density.

Drag is not dependent on temperature, nor wind direction.
See the Aerodynamics chapter.

FL095 is...

95 feet 95 metre 9500 feet (at standard pressure) 9500 meter (at standard pressure)

FL095 means Flight Level 9500 feet. Flight level is an aircraft's altitude at standard air pressure indicated in hundreds of feet.

Which of these instruments is suitable to measure groundspeed?

GPS TAS anemometer variometer

A GPS calculates your position on (or above) the earth in time intervals. Therefore it can tell you your groundspeed as well.
A TAS measures True Air Speed. An anemometer measures wind speed. A variometer measures ascent and descent rates.

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